DEFRA Greenhouse Gas Reporting: Conversion Factors 2025. Per-passenger-km by distance and cabin, applied to the great-circle distance between airports. Business/First uses a seat-space multiplier (1.5x under 3,700 km, 3x above). Radiative forcing 1.9x (IPCC AR5) for contrails and high-altitude effects. Airport locations (about 7,900 airports) come from OurAirports, a public-domain dataset, and are embedded in this page, so nothing you paste leaves your browser.
Grantee & Convening Flights
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Flights you pay for or host for grantees, partners, or advisors, like convenings and site visits. We assume economy unless you mark a line "biz". Skip this if you don't fund travel for others.
Sources and methodology
Same method as staff flights (DEFRA 2025, great-circle distance, IPCC AR5 radiative forcing 1.9x), economy by default. Kept separate because many organizations report travel they fund for others apart from their own staff travel.
Hotels, Ground Travel & Private Jets
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Add up nights from your bookings or expense reports
We use private or chartered aircraft
Sources and methodology
Private aviation: EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub 2025 (9.75 kg CO2/gal jet fuel). Fuel burn from manufacturer specs via NBAA. Upstream 1.05x (GREET 2023). Radiative forcing 1.9x (IPCC AR5).
Ground and rail: EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub, Table 10 (business travel), blended passenger vehicle factor with GREET upstream uplift; DEFRA 2025 national rail passenger average.
Lodging: Directional estimate consistent with Cornell/Greenview Hotel Sustainability Benchmarking (CHSB) Index data, which shows per-room-night carbon intensity varying widely by country and hotel efficiency. There's no single published global average, so treat it as approximate.
Optional extras
Office Energy
Optional
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Fully remote, or no space you pay to heat and power? Leave this empty.
Sources and methodology
Estimated from floor area using typical office energy intensity (about 11 kWh of electricity and 0.1 therm of heating fuel per square foot per year), in line with EIA Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS 2018) averages. If you don't enter square footage, it assumes about 250 square feet per person. Coworking space counts at half, since you share the building. Electricity: grid carbon intensity for each office's country from Ember and the Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy, via Our World in Data (latest available year, 2024 or 2025). Natural gas: EPA Table 1 (5.31 kg CO2/therm). Heating oil: EPA Table 2 (10.21 kg CO2/gal). Electric and heat pump heating is converted at about 11 kWh per therm of heat. Your utility bills will be more accurate.
Staff Commuting
Optional
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Based on an average US commute of about 12 miles each way.
Sources and methodology
EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub, Table 10 (employee commuting) applied to average commute distance from the National Household Travel Survey and US Census ACS, about 250 workdays a year, scaled for hybrid schedules. These are per-employee annual averages. A commuter survey would be more accurate.
Everything You Buy
Optional
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Think consultants, software, catering, printing, supplies. Pick the closest range.
Sources and methodology
Approximate blended rate consistent with EPA's US Environmentally-Extended Input-Output (USEEIO v2.1) model for professional and administrative services, printing, and catering, per EPA's Scope 3 guidance. Lower per-dollar intensity than manufactured or luxury goods, reflecting a services-heavy spend profile. It's not a precise table lookup. For a compliance-grade figure, run your actual spend through the published USEEIO factor tables.
Your investments, tracked separately
For context only. None of this is added to your annual footprint above.
Endowment & Cash
Optional
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This is your share of the emissions from the companies you own a piece of. For an endowed organization it's usually far bigger than operations, so we keep it separate.
Operating cash & reserves
Banks lend deposits to fossil fuel projects, and the amount varies up to 80 times by bank. Source: The Carbon Bankroll (2022), co-authored by the Climate Safe Lending Network, The Outdoor Policy Outfit, and BankFWD.
Sources and methodology
Investments: PCAF Global GHG Standard, Part A: Financed Emissions (December 2022), Category 15. EVIC-weighted attribution for listed equity. Anchored to MSCI's published carbon footprint for the MSCI ACWI (about 190 tCO2e per $1M invested, Scope 1+2) as the broad-equity reference point, scaled down for diversified portfolios and ESG or impact screens, and up for concentrated fossil fuel exposure. Real figures vary a lot by data provider, year, and what's in the portfolio, so treat this as order-of-magnitude.
Cash and deposits: The Carbon Bankroll (2022), co-authored by the Climate Safe Lending Network (CSLN), The Outdoor Policy Outfit (TOPO), and BankFWD. PCAF financed emissions methodology. Emissions vary up to 80x by institution.
Annual footprint
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tons CO₂e per year
Likely range-
What removal could cost
Your emissions at each of the price points.
Fast projects stop gases like methane that heat the planet quickly. More permanent projects pull carbon out of the air and store it for centuries. Balanced does both, and it is what we recommend.
A grant to Terraset can come from your operations or sustainability budget instead of your grantmaking budget. Check the tax treatment with your advisor.
Where it comes from
Tons CO₂e per year
Your investments, for context
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tons CO₂e per year, attributed to what you own and where your cash sits
Not in the number above. Most organizations aim a removal grant at their operations and deal with investments through their investment policy.
10-year emissions pathway
Cumulative tons CO₂e, not annual
Business as usual
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total tons, 10 yrs
−7%/year pathway
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total tons, 10 yrs
Business as usual
−7%/year reduction
Sources and methodology
−7%/year mirrors the global reduction rate the IPCC's Special Report on 1.5°C says is needed economy-wide (the "Carbon Law," Rockström et al. 2017). A reference pathway, not a formal target.
These are rough estimates for internal planning, not audit-grade. If you need a number for public disclosure or assurance, commission a full Scope 1 to 3 GHG inventory under the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard. Sources: EPA 2025, DEFRA 2025, EIA CBECS 2018, PCAF (2022), MSCI, The Carbon Bankroll (CSLN/TOPO/BankFWD, 2022). All figures in tCO₂e.